Here are some of the most commonly asked questions about hypertension:
What is hypertension?
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high.
What are the risk factors for hypertension?
Risk factors include age, family history, being overweight or obese, lack of physical activity, poor diet (especially one high in sodium), excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or kidney disease.
What are the symptoms of hypertension?
Hypertension is often called a “silent killer” because it typically doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms until it reaches a severe stage. Some people may experience headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, or dizziness, but these symptoms are not specific to hypertension and may indicate other health issues.
How is hypertension diagnosed?
Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). Normal blood pressure is typically considered to be around 120/80 mmHg.
What are the complications of untreated hypertension?
Untreated hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, vision loss, and cognitive decline.
How can hypertension be treated or managed?
Treatment usually involves lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet (low in sodium, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains), regular exercise, weight management, limiting alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. In some cases, medication may also be prescribed by a healthcare provider.
What lifestyle changes can help lower blood pressure?
Lifestyle changes include reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium intake, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, managing stress, and getting enough sleep.
How often should blood pressure be checked?
Blood pressure should be checked at least once every two years for adults with normal blood pressure (less than 120/80 mmHg). Those with high blood pressure or other risk factors may need to have their blood pressure checked more frequently, as recommended by their healthcare provider.
